Flying head with compound-foil

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is a novel rigid flying head presenting a &#34;compound-foil&#34; face to a passing flexible record segment which is induced to automatically assume a prescribed, relatively controlled &#34;approach zone&#34; and associated constant spacing relative to the head face.

INTRODUCTION

This invention relates to structures for "non-contact" magnetic recording and more particularly relates to improved "flying-head" transducers and associated techniques for such recording.

BACKGROUND, FEATURES OF INVENTION

Workers will recognize that various techniques are known for confronting magnetic recording media with a magnetic recording transducer face. For instance, according to one technique, the transducer face is brought into contact with the passing medium. According to another technique ("non-contact" recording) the transducer face is virtually "flown" above the medium and kept out of contact therewith as a guard against damage to the medium, to the face or to both. Generally speaking, workers prefer such "out-of-contact" techniques where feasible. This invention concerns an improvement in "non-contact recording" and an associated novel configuring of the transducer face.

Magnetic memory storage units are a significant item of peripheral equipment in today's computers. In the typical unit data is stored on one or several magnetic disk drives. Such a drive will be recognized as characterized by one or more rotating magnetic recording surfaces on which data may be written, and read back, by a magnetic transducer mounted in a recording head. Such heads are "flown" in close proximity above a recording surface. Great care is taken that this flying head never "crashes" against the disk since catastrophic damage to both can result. Yet, to maximize recording density and optimize signal/noise, workers know that the "head spacing" (spacing between the head-face, and core there, and the surface of the moving disk) must be kept as small as possible and be held within very tight tolerances.

It is common to establish "head spacing" for a "flying head" by configuring the head-face in the fashion of an "air bearing" while establishing the proper fluid dynamics. The magnetic head surface is, today, mounted on a resilient suspension and urged toward the surface of the moving disk by a head-actuation means, but is prevented from actual disk contact by an intervening cushion of air--called a "Bournoulli film" and established as the air bearing. Once this Bournoulli film is developed, it presents a rather substantial hydrodynamic resistance to reduction of "head-spacing" and significant force must be exerted to push the head closer to the disk. But certain abnormal conditions can disturb this "Bournoulli film" and suddenly remove it as a protective cushion, sending the head crashing into the disk. Thus, workers in the art are very meticulous in developing the proper (aerodynamic) head-face configuration and in positioning the head so as to properly orient it (e.g., re pitch and roll angles) relative to the passing disk such close tolerances that a change of a minute of arc or so can be critical!

Workers know that it is critically important to maintain a predicable constant "head spacing" over a wide range of operating parameters if magnetic recording is to be successful. Head spacing is particularly critical with high density recording--e.g., it can vary the "fringing flux" pattern and affect read/write resolution. Workers also know that there are many factors affecting head spacing; such factors as the speed, configuration "penetration" and radial-position of a head [understand: "head speed" as the relative velocity between medium and transducer and "head penetration" as the penetration of the transducer-stabilizer combination into the plane of the passing record medium, causing the latter to "dimple"]. Other affecting factors are disk characteristics (e.g., flexibility, thickness, etc.) and ambient conditions such as temperature and humidity.

Now, it is preferred here that a transducer be thrust to "penetrate" and "dimple" the flexible medium, and so better assure that head spacing be kept constant. However, such a "dimpling" can cause problems. For instance, it may degrade the desired film (Bournoulli) at the disk periphery and cause "flutter" there to upset the prescribed head spacing. Such problems have, to date, limited the useful recording area adjacent a disk's periphery, as workers well know. The present invention is adapted to help in maintaining constant head spacing by eliminating, or at least alleviating, the mentioned problems and so improving disk-head stability--particularly for "flying heads" adapted to transduce for a pack of floppy disks (rather than one disk). In such cases, there will be no "backing plate" (Bournoulli plate) as is typically used with a "single floppy" [e.g., IBM U.S. Pat. No. 4,074,330 mentions that a problem with such Bournoulli plates is that head spacing decreases as the head moves radially-out on the floppy disk--and tries to solve this problem].

Now, the trend today is to record at ever higher "bit densities" (that is, to record individual data transitions that are closer together). And, as bit densities increase, one must reduce the "head spacing" more and more, as workers well know, (also, signal strength increases as head spacing drops). Thus, the task of configuring a head face to create the proper Bournoulli film becomes ever more critical with today's advanced high-bit-density equipment where head spacing on the order of just a few microinches is not uncommon.

This problem is greatly aggravated when one uses flexible disk media (floppy disks). As workers well know, it is not uncommon for such disks to develop surface undulations approximating several dozen microinches under high speed rotation. It is an object of the present invention to develop a novel head configuration adapted to provide a proper "Bournoulli film" cushion when employed with flexible disks under high speed rotation, especially for transducing at high bit densities.

Fixed head versus movable head

It is conventional to design a computer disk file so that its flying recording heads are "movable" rather than "fixed". When operation begins and the disk surface is spun-up to the proper operating speed, the recording head is advanced, being pressed toward the disk to a "final float" position--close enough to generate the desired air bearing (Bournoulli film). Such a "flying head" may later be retracted when the disk is stationary (or rotated at low rpm) as desired (e.g., when "read/write" is completed). The technique used in bringing the head from "retracted" to "final float" position is commonly referred to as "landing" the head (even though there is no physical contact with the disk). This invention relates to "fixed" heads, and to techniques for promoting a more stabilized "final float" condition.

An example of a movable recording head is seen in U.S. Pat. No. 3,310,792 to Groom, et al. Here, a resilient gimbal spring is provided to suspend a magnetic recording head adapted to float on an air-film adjacent the surface of a rapidly moving memory disk. This gimbal spring can withdraw the head from the "float" position (e.g., see FIG. A) to "retracted" position (e.g., compare FIG. B) whereat the spring is in its neutral, or unstressed, condition. Advancing the head (e.g., via a driving pneumatic piston) back to "float" position, stresses the spring. Besides mounting the recording head for advancement and retraction, the gimbal spring also accommodates proper head orientation --exerting a very small moment on the head so that in "retracted" position, its "toe" (or leading edge) is further from the disk than its "heel" (or trailing edge)--whereas when in the "final float" position, the Bournoulli film developed will rotate the head somewhat so that its "heel and toe" are more nearly equidistant from the disk (compare FIGS. A and B).

Now, during "landing" there is danger of the heel contacting the disk, with the toe being pitched-up unless a significant Bournoulli film has been generated. In the past this problem has been addressed via a compromise between minimizing head spacing and optimizing read/write efficiency vs. emphasizing a "safe" landing mode (i.e., with too close a spacing, there is a high risk of "crash", whereas too great a spacing will degrade recording characteristics). This problem is addressed and, to an extent, solved by techniques taught in U.S. Pat. No. 3,678,482 to Billawala, discussed below.

Prior art head manipulation; FIGS. A, B

FIG. A illustrates a typical prior art recording head 16 understood as "flying" adjacent a recording disk 17 in its "final float" position. (See also U.S. Pat. No. 3,678,482 for further details). As illustrated here, disk 17 will be understood as moving from right to left, with construction and operation being carried out conventionally except as otherwise specified. In its "final float" position, the recording head 16 floats with its heel end 19 at a minimum distance H from the surface of disk 17 and its face 21 tipped-away very slightly (or "pitched-up" by a very small angle θ) so the forward projection of face 21 (i.e., bevel face 22 adjacent toe-end 18) is tipped slightly further away from disk 17, as known in the art. Face 21 is relatively flat and, being pitched-up slightly toward the approaching recording surface; merges into the second flat face 22 beveled away from the record and diverging from face 21 by a prescribed relatively small angle α (--the trailing edge of face 22 thus coinciding with the leading edge of face 21, as illustrated).

It should be recognized, of course, that angles α and θ and distance h (as well as other like angles and distances set forth elsewhere herein) are greatly exaggerated for illustration purposes as compared with actual scale. Thus, for instance, in the prior art fluid film bearing illustrated in FIG. A distance h will preferably be on the order of a few dozen microinches and angles α and θ on the order of a few minutes of arc.

As workers know it is conventional for a gimbal spring arrangement (not shown but well known in the art) to be provided for suspending head 16 and permitting the indicated orientation--the head being thrust toward and away from record 17 by a piston arrangement 23 (not fully illustrated, but constructed and operated as well known in the art).

Under certain conditions head 16 is retracted (e.g., when disk rpm drops); conversely, the head may be advanced to "land" adjacent the disk for read/write operations when disk rpm reaches "operating speed". When piston 23 acts to so thrust head 16 it will be understood that a force P is applied and a moment M set-up to overcome the (rather slight) gimbal-spring-moment and rotate the head to fly more parallel with the passing disk surface (e.g., rotate head 16 from FIG. B to FIG. A orientation). A counter-moment M is then generated by the fluid film against both head faces; this made-up from a force F-1 acting through the center of pressure on the main face 21 and a force F-2 acting through the center of pressure on the bevel face 22. Thus, in "landing", it will be understood that pneumatic pressure applied via piston 23 forces the head toward disk 17 (--starting from the "retracted" position illustrated in FIG. B) to reduce angle θ and eventually wind up in the "final float" position indicated in FIG. A. During "landing", it will be understood that the gimbal spring will tilt toe end 18 upward so that as head 16 is pressed toward disk 17, the heel 19 first approaches the disk--at this point a force F-1, originating from the fluid film, will commence to act on main face 21, pivoting heel 19 slightly away from record 17. (There being little or no fluid film pressure then applied upon bevel face 22 since it is still too remote from disk 17).

In the final phase of landing, it will be understood that the force distribution on head 16 is such that piston 23 must be located near the heel 19 (higher density air film then present). That is as the head approaches "final float" position and head spacing decreases, the point of application for piston 23 against head 16 moves closer to heel 19 (this maintaining the desired angle θ for stable floating). With piston 23 positioned nearer heel 19, the landing moment is reduced (smaller moment arm, so F-1 is lower) and care must now be taken to avoid a "crash" against record 17 (heel 19 could strike disk 17 before sufficient balancing force F-1 is generated to pivot recording head into its final floating position.

The foregoing description relative to FIGS. A and B will serve to illustrate typical characteristics and problems associated with prior art, "non-rigid" heads and call associated difficulties to mind. Heads arranged according to this invention avoid all such difficulties since they are mounted to be rigid (non-movable) and arranged to induce the (flexible) medium to, alone, make the necessary approach and "landing". This should help workers to better appreciate the advantages and characteristics of a rigid-mounted "compound foil" head according to the invention--wherein no head positioning or alignment is required, but rather a simple presentation of the moving flexible disk so it will automatically position itself in proper transducing relation with the head core (as futher discussed below). The operational advantages and the manifold difficulties avoided will be self-evident to workers familiar with this art.

Prior art: difficulties in "following" floppy disk with movable head FIG. 1A

FIG. 1A shows, very schematically, some of the factors involved in confronting a flexible magnetic recording medium, such as a floppy disk surface M, with a "canoe" type head A-1. Here, disk M will be understood as swept rotationally past the recording face of transducer head A-1 which is understood as mounted on a prescribed flexible suspension (indicated very generally as spring means A-2 and well known in the art). Head A-1 is shown as taking the form of the well known "canoe head" tilted up a prescribed pitch angle (aa) from coplanarity with an idealized perfectly level contact-plane R--R along which medium M (the confronting surface thereof) would ideally be swept. Medium M is given an exaggerated "wavy" configuration, since, as workers well know, it is very, very difficult to maintain such a flexible record surface flat along the prescribed plane R--R.

It will be recognized that in such an arrangement the head A-1 is "flown over the disk", its transducing face being urged compliantly towards reference plane R--R for transducing on the disk. Also, means will be understood as provided to urge the surface of head A-1 close to medium M, separated only by the Bournoulli air film of minute thickness, and to be very precisely maintained for accurate repeatable recording. As workers well know, so locating the head and moving floppy medium so close together and maintaining this precisely is akin to squeezing two spring-mounted foils together, as they pass one another at high speed--all in all a very unpleasant, somewhat imprecise, balancing act that can frequently go awry, with the result that read/write defects are introduced. This invention avoids such difficulties by postulating a relatively rigid transducer head over which the medium is made to fly--rather than flying the head over the medium!

One of the problems in prior art arrangements, like that of FIG. 1A, where the head is flown over the medium, is in making the "air bearing" (intervening film) stiff enough to maintain head-disk spacing despite changing factors. A related problem is to always maintain the pitch angle of the head constant relative to the approaching disk surface--and so mounting and driving the head mass that it closely "follows" the passing, undulating surface of a floppy disk. This, of course, is a very serious challenge since, when rotated at the usual high speeds, floppy disks can undulate and flop wildly. The frequency of these undulations is often so high that the head-following mechanism cannot really "follow" and maintain the tiny head-disk separation (as little as a few u-in.).

Another problem in so "following" floppy disks is that the head mass must really be made "ultra-light"--even so, it is difficult to find a spring system matched to the disk and to actuate it with the proper "following mechanism". Also, in any situation where a flexibly mounted head is arranged to follow a floppy disk surface, extreme difficulties can result from "feedback oscillations" often encountered. That is, an undulating disk can, for instance, cause sympathetic oscillations of the head. And the head, which typically has a different resonant frequency than the disk, will maintain these unwanted oscillations for some time before settling down--and may impact disks damagingly! On the other hand, using a rigid head, as in this invention, will lower the "Q" of the flexible medium and can damp-out such unwanted vibration.

The foregoing problems are exacerbated when operating a floppy disk in the desired "steep dive" mode whereby disk and head normally fly at a relatively large interspacing, with this being suddenly reduced as the head approaches the recording zone on the disk--then, the head dives steeply toward the disk (or vice versa) and is removed therefrom just as suddenly when the recording zone is passed (the head climbing steeply away from the disk). Such "steep dive" mode presents serious risks of damage to head, or to the disk or both, since a "crash" is much more likely under these conditions, with the stiffness of the air-bearing (Bournoulli film) varying widely the while. The present invention simplifies this situation greatly by making it unnecessary to "dive the head" toward the disk--rather it aerodynamically "sucks" and holds the disk (recording zone) closer to the rigidly-mounted head face.

Invention features

This invention avoids all the problems suggested above by mounting the head rigidly and inducing the passing disk segment to fly over the head in a prescribed manner. So doing, there is no need for spring-mounting the head, nor for related sensing and actuator mechanism to move the relatively large transducer means. Rather, one simply develops aerodynamic forces that constrain the (relatively low mass) disk to "fly" at the proper height above the transducer core, with no need to "follow" the disk surface, as well as advantageously using a relatively "self-leveling" structure (the rotating floppy disk) to reference on a fixed stable surface (the rigidly-mounted transducer face).

Thus, as one feature of novelty, the present invention involves flying a flexible disk over a rigid head with the head face configured aerodynamically to induce a rather "steep mode" of confrontation, preferably, and involving a "compound curvature" configuration. (Or a small "lens" atop a large "lens"). In a related feature, a prescribed spherical head-foil is mounted atop a relatively flatter spherical mount-foil such that the stabilization-zone of the head-foil is kept within the (larger) stabilization-zone of the mount-foil, and more stabilized transducing promoted.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be appreciated by workers as they become better understood by reference to the following detailed description of the present preferred embodiments. These should be considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference symbols denote like elements;

FIGS. A and B are schematic elevations of a prior art transducer head in "final float" and "landing" position, respectively, relative to a passing record medium;

FIG. 1A is a very schematic elevation of a prior art transducer flexible disk arrangement;

FIG. 1B is a schematic elevation showing a flexible disk passing over a "single foil" configuration; with FIG. 1C showing the same in plan view;

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate a preferred "compound-foil" recording head embodiment in plan view and side-view respectively; while FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C are enlarged orthogonal side elevations of the same as confronted by a passing flexible medium segment, seen from two perspectives at right angles to one another; and

FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view of the head in FIGS. 2 and 3 as confronted by a passing medium.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS General principles with "single-foil" head, FIGS. 1B, 1C

Workers in the art are familiar with the principles whereby, in "flying" a flexible medium over a relatively spherical "foil" surface, a "Bournoulli air film" is developed--the thickness of the film being dependent upon the relative velocity between the foil and the disk, the stiffness of the medium, and the spherical radius of the foil (T_(bf), v, K_(m), R_(f)). Such an arrangement is very schematically indicated in FIG. 1B wherein a relatively spherical foil F-1 having a radius of about 6 inches (R-1) will be understood as overflown by a flexible disk medium M at several hundred ips or more surface velocity, assume about 3000 rpm for 15 in. disk--such that a Bournoulli air film of thickness T_(bf) is developed (assume a 1.5 mil thick disk with a Bournoulli film thickness T_(bf) of about 1/2 mil--this varying slightly with the disk radius).

Now it is found, quite interestingly, that such an arrangement can generate a stabilized "approach zone" Z, where disk foil separation is a minimum and is relatively constant (under proper conditions)--the size and shape of the zone varying with foil radius and "foil penetration" (i.e., the dimpling or deflection of the flexible medium by the head).

Such a zone Z is indicated in FIG. 1C wherein the foil F-1 of FIG. 1B will be understood as mounted to confront medium M (being swept past as in FIG. 1B). Such a zone Z will typically take an elliptical shape for most portions of a passing floppy disk (as illustrated in FIG. 1C and further explained below), this shape being characterized by diameters D₁, D₂, as illustrated. It has been found that the average diameter D_(a) (D_(a) =D₁ /2) or the average zone area, roughly speaking, will vary with foil penetration. But this dependence varies, in turn, with foil radius. Zone area will be observed to change relatively little with increasing foil penetration for a relatively "steep" foil transition (i.e., small radius foil, e.g., 1 to 2 inches, with penetration from 10 to 20 mils)--whereas it changes much more with increasing foil radius (that is, as the foil gets flatter, stabilized zone Z increases in size considerably as penetration increases).

The elliptical form of zone Z is believed due to an assymmetry in tension forces acting on the medium adjacent--that is, in many instances, the tension across the plane of the disk will be high in the radial direction (streched), but relatively low in the direction of travel (less peripheral stretching, except at the edge of the disk)--this serving to resist the spread of stabilized zone Z in the radial direction D₁ but resisting it relatively little in the peripheral direction D₂ as postulated in FIG. 1C. Such a stabilized zone Z for the above-mentioned foil of FIG. 1B will be found in certain conditions to exhibit diameters of about 0.8 inches and 0.10 inches, being relatively elliptical as indicated in FIG. 1C.

Now, it has been found--quite surprisingly--that such foils can be made and operated so that such a zone Z maintains a relatively constant foil-medium separation T_(bf) despite minor undulations of the medium and despite penetration changes--i.e., the medium "follows" the foil (zone area) even as the foil is moved further toward it. For instance, a relatively "flat" foil, with a radius of about 12 inches, has been found to hold a minimum foil-disk spacing of about 0.75 mils, despite a shift in "foil penetration" from about 10 mils to about 20 mils (or about 7 grams)--this varies with foil radius, however. And, with a relatively "steep" foil, having a radius of about 1.6 inches, the foil-disk spacing has been kept constant at about 0.25 mils (or about 35 grams) over the same 10 to 20 mils variation in foil penetration.

Accordingly--according to a feature hereof--it is proposed that a head-foil be mounted atop such a "mounting-foil", in this "approach zone" Z thereof, of constant flying height (as below). One may cause the disk to fly over the head in that zone, being operated so as to maintain the Bournoulli thickness despite minor variations in "foil penetration" (e.g., caused by manufacturing or assembly variances). Such a "two foil" array is discussed below.

"Two-foil" head embodiment; FIGS. 3A, 3B

As a feature of this invention it is postulated that a transducer head be mounted, somewhat conventionally in a first foil structure, then this foil be mounted, in turn, atop a second, flatter, (mounting-)foil of the type discussed above (well within the approach zone Z thereof)--this resulting in a "compound foil", or "compound lens", head configuration. It is found that with such a "compound-foil" head, the disk will establish its own flying height and will execute a "two-step" head-approach--i.e., will decend toward the mounting-foil as above (to establish approach zone Z); then, within zone Z, will dive steeply toward the head's "recording zone" ZZ and return steeply therefrom, as is generally indicated in FIGS. 3A and 3B.

Here, it will be seen that the transducer foil F-H comprises a relatively spherical head-foil section mounted atop a "mounting-foil" F-1, as above mentioned, so as to induce a passing floppy disk segment M to assume an approach zone Z of stabilization as in FIG. 3A together with a secondary, "transduce zone" ZZ (above F-H). Head foil F-H is disposed within the ambit of this stabilized zone Z with its outer radius blending with the peak surface of F-1. An "edge-foil" annulus F-2 surrounds F-1 to minimize disturbance to a passing Bournoulli air film. The edge foil (or blending foil) F-2 is believed necessary to eliminate sharp transitions and flow discontinuities, thus minimizing any resultant disturbance of the desired laminar Bournoulli flow and avoiding consequent air turbulance and drag. Also, the depth of slots SL is cut to divert a substantial portion of the passing air stream, sufficient to reduce the head-record gap adjacent the transducing cores (zone ZZ), as workers will understand.

As a subsidiary feature it is also preferred that head-foil F-H be projected well beyond the passing Bournoulli film. That is, the apex of head foil F-H will protrude well into the plane of medium passage, past the Bournoulli film T_(bf) (about 1/2 mil in the subject example). In such a case it is found--quite surprisingly--that the passing disk will gently rise and overfly this "secondary lens" protrusion (F-H) quite readily. Now--again, surprisingly--the flying height of the disk as it thus passes over head F-H is somewhat greater than that established by the head foil F-H, by itself (in the absence of foil F-1). Also, surprising: while increased "foil-penetration" increases the area of the major stabilized zone Z, it doesn't significantly change head-spacing (flying-height) over head foil F-H. (FIG. 3B shows this).

For example, assuming a head-foil radius of 1.6 in., it will be seen that the head-foil alone would induce a Bournoulli film thickness of about 0.2 mils; whereas, as above noted, the mounting foil F-1 by itself induces a Bournoulli film thickness of about 0.5 mils. Now, when combining these two foils in a "compound" (Two-foil) configuration [that is, mounting the steeper foil F-H upon head foil F-1], the Bournoulli film passing over F-H was only about 0.25 mils thick (in head zone Z'; see FIG. 3B, spacing t₂ =0.25 mils; t₁ =0.50 mils).

In other words, as the air film established by the foil passes the head it will be observed to be partly deflected around the center of the head node, inducing the disk to fly at a lower height, there, than that height established by the mounting foil alone. This air film, established in zone Z' adjacent the apex of head foil F-H, might be characterized as a "second order Bournoulli film"--i.e., a thinner air-bearing, resulting when a given foil is surmounted with a "steeper" foil.

Head slotting; FIGS. 3A, 3C

With this "compound curvature" reducing Bournoulli film thickness above head-foil F-H it would still be desirable to reduce head spacing (e.g., to a few u-in.) above the small recording zone adjacent the cores (on F-H). That is, it is very desirable that after the disk has entered zone Z' it be induced to "dive steeply" toward the core region atop F-H; and then return quickly after passing the cores--reducing head spacing to a few u-in., thus, establishing a transducing zone CR (FIG. 3C; modifying FIG. 3B by reducing t₂ to t₁ =a few u-in.; ZZ is width of zone CR, see FIG. 4 also).

Thus, we want to pull the medium much closer-in at zone CR. To effect this a pair of like bypass grooves, or slots SL, (best seen in FIG. 3C) were cut along the direction of disk travel bracketing the core region. Such slots were found to reduce air-bearing pressure in zone CR, modulating the effect of the compound curvature there and enhancing the depressing effect of atmospheric pressure there (i.e., adjacent the head H, at the apex of F-H, so that, principally, the spherical radius R_(h) of the head foil F-H acts to control flying height in the core zone CR--thereby establishing its own reduced-pressure air-bearing film there, as indicated in FIGS. 3A and 3C. (FIG. 3A is a side view with the disk segment assumed to move from left to right, while FIG. 3C is a head-on view with the disk assumed moving into the plane of the drawing).

Slots SL will be understood as disposed parallel to one another and to the contemplated direction of medium passage, being spaced-apart a distance which will establish the width w_(z) of this core region, as suggested in FIG. 3C. The slots are cut to a depth and cross-section sufficient to "bleed-off" enough passing air to allow the described reduction in Bournoulli film thickness (here, for example, the thickness is reduced from about 250 u-in. to about 12-15 u-in.) in a relatively steep dive, or sharp transition, as mentioned above--yet not so much as to divert all the air and reduce film thickness to zero (lest the medium contact the head F-H, as workers will understand). Thus, slot cross-section can, to a large extent, control flying height t₃ over the core region CR, and preferably (as here) is arranged to divert sufficient passing air that--in region CR--the influence of foil F-1 is removed.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view from above head-foil F-H of FIGS. 3A, 3C. Here, it will be observed that a core C with a core gap C-g is apparent within the somewhat elliptical-shaped core region CR. The area of region CR should be made as small as possible, since one desires to disturb the passing disk minimally. It has been found that increased "loading" (force on the disk toward head) can increase the area (size) of outer stabilizing zone Z; yet with no change in the size or shape of transducing zone CR--something quite surprising and significant (e.g., leading to "isolation" of core-spacing from shifts in head-loading). Of course, the perturbation caused by creating this approach zone Z will "dimple" a passing disk somewhat, throwing some energy into it and perhaps causing a secondary rippling-outward (e.g., in the downstream direction). This will be dissipated over a "settling down" time/space; the dimple-excursion should be minimized, of course, to resist interdisk collision (collision with other disks in the pack, that is possible due to sympathetic vibrations in certain cases). Moreover, the air-bearing forces should be stiff enough so that the disks may continue to fly at their controlled altitude without impact between themselves or with the head. (Note gap C-g defines zone width ZZ).

Interestingly enough, as noted in FIG. 4, the transduce zone CR takes a relatively elliptical shape, being biased slightly off-center, to the downstream side of the head center-line CL (a few mils downstream and adjacent the core C-g, preferably, as indicated). The width of region CR is, of course, defined by the slots SL. But even without such slots, it is believed that region CR will be relatively elliptical (that is, the air-film profile there be asymmetrical, the region longer in the direction of medium travel than it is normal thereto, or radially-out from disk center).

The elliptical shape is believed due to a typically-asymmetric nature of tension forces on the disk and air-bearing pressure--positive upstream of cores, relatively negative downstream (thus, stabilizing forces resisting the dive and "peel-away", respectively). That is, once the disk is flown under the indicated conditions, tension will be somewhat greater along the radial direction of the disk than along the circumferential direction (--except, of course, adjacent the disk edge). The "off-center" placement of region CR is believed due to the asymmetry in upstream-downstream forces, sucking the disk in toward the head on the one hand and peeling it away on the other. That is, there is relatively high "upstream" pneumatic resistance, vs. pulling the disk inward against the head; and there is usually a downstream suction (e.g., at times a partial-vacuum) opposing the peeling away of the disk as workers will understand.

In the following table Example I, summarizes an exemplary "compound-foil" head embodiment according to the invention along the lines indicated in FIGS. 2A, 3A, 3C and 4 and discussed above:

EXAMPLE I Exemplary Head with "Compound-Curvature"

Spherical Mounting foil F-1: radius (R₁)=6"; dia. D₁ =1.1"

Spherical Head foil F-H: radius (R_(h))=1.6" dia. D_(h) =0.3"

Mounted on paddle arm A, 40 mils thick; with back-foil F-3 raised 30 mils (3" radius R₃) and outer, relatively "steep" edge-foil F-2 of radius R₂ =3"; dia. D₂ =1.5" and F-H, F-1, F-2 projected total height h_(h) =60 mils.

Head slots SL: 6 mil wide flanking head H, extend the length of foil F-H, and as deep as F-H protrudes above F-1.

Core region CR thus formed: 10 mils wide (core-width)×50 mils long, yielding flying height t₃, above cores of about 12-15 u-in., and with load force of 25+gm. (added load not change t₃ or zone CR; only changes size of stabilizing zone Z).

Head:

track width: 10 mils.

gap length: 0.1 mil

throat height: 1.3 mil

curvature: 0.3" dia.; 1.6" radius (as above D_(h),R_(h)).

Results

A slotted "compound-curvature" head of the type described above has been operated for many hours with remarkable stability and high quality read/write performance, even at high bit density (e.g., 10,000 bpi). For instance, it has been run continuously, yet no oxide build-up on the head or marking of the disk has been noted. This head can be used in "dual recording" (i.e., it can "look up or look down"); also it can accommodate an ultra-high medium velocity (up to about 1000 inches per second--versus about 100 inches per second for the usual floppy).

Workers will appreciate that this surrounding of a given head-foil with a mounting foil of prescribed reduced sphericity superposes the larger (major) stabilized zone Z of the flatter mounting foil about the small (minor) stabilization zone ZZ of the head-foil--so that perturbations of the approaching disk surface are (very likely) absorbed by zone Z before reaching and effecting zone ZZ--e.g., a ripple might increase head-spacing hs at the leading-edge of the mounting foil, but only cause a slight shift in the size of major zone Z, leaving minor zone ZZ unaffected and maintaining constant size and head spacing there. This is crucially important using floppy disks as workers well know.

Or, from a slightly different viewpoint: the important minor zone ZZ can work completely within a prestabilized outer zone Z, making it considerably more effective in controlling the configuration of zone ZZ (e.g., dive-location) and head spacing there [can hold closer tolerances more reliably].

It will be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only exemplary, and that the invention is capable of many modifications and variations in construction, arrangement and use without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Further modifications of the invention are also possible. For example, the means and methods disclosed herein may also be applicable to tape systems and the like in certain cases. Also, this invention is applicable with other "compound-foil" configurations and is useful in other forms of recording and/or reproducing systems.

The above examples of possible variations of the present invention are merely illustrative. Accordingly, the present invention is to be considered as including all possible modifications and variations coming within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. In a combined transducer-stabilizer array adapted for stabilizing and transducing passing flexible media, the combination including transducer structure disposed in a prescribed head-foil of given curvature and adapted to mount a transducer structure and to be presented in convex, "air-bearing-generating" relation with said passing media, the improvement therewith comprising:a rigidly-fixed mounting foil arranged and adapted to support said head-foil and exhibiting a somewhat flatter convex curvature relative to said passing media so as to create a prescribed "entry zone" air bearing film upstream of the related film generated by said head-foil.
 2. The combination as recited in claim 1, wherein both foils are arranged to have a relatively spherical surface configuration adjacent the passing media and to be symmetrically disposed about said transducer structure, said head-foil having a relatively smaller radius of curvature and being arranged to generate an air film of reduced thickness relative to said entry-zone air film.
 3. The combination as recited in claim 2, wherein at least one pair of relief slots are cut into said head-foil, flanking the region of said transducer structure and arranged to reduce the flying height of said passing medium above the transducer structure.
 4. The combination as recited in claim 3, wherein said slots are cut with a cross section sufficient to minimize flying height along said transducer region, essentially reducing or eliminating the effect of said "entry zone air film" there.
 5. The combination as recited in claim 4, wherein a transition foil structure is provided at the intersection of said head-foil and said mounting foil.
 6. The combination as recited in claim 5, wherein said transducer structure comprises one or more magnetic recording cores adapted for transducing relation with said passing flexible medium.
 7. The combination as recited in claim 6, wherein said medium comprises a flexible magnetic recording disk flown at relatively high speed over said rigidly mounted two-foil transducer-stabilizer structure.
 8. An improved transducer head-shupport media stabilizer structure adapted for presenting a transducer head in prescribed non-contact transducing relation with passing flexible recording media;said structure presenting a pair of convex, head-supporting/medium-stabilizing foils operatively adjacent the passing media, this combination being characterized by a first head-foil having a prescribed curvature and on which is mounted the transducing means and adapted to generate a prescribed air bearing on passage of the media; and a second, relatively flatter, mounting-foil arranged to carry said head-foil relatively centrally and arranged to introduce an entry-zone air film upstream of this air bearing.
 9. Magnetic recording apparatus adapted to operate upon one or more rotatable flexible circular record-disks disposed to be rotated adjacent a prescribed relatively flat planar reference transducing plane, this apparatus comprising associated transducer means including at least one transducer head adapted to be brought adjacent said reference plane, but out of contact with said rotating disk and in transducing relation therewith, said head being disposed in a head-foil, this combination being characterized in that:said head foil is mounted rigid and has a prescribed relatively spherical, symmetrical curvature and includes a prescribed transducing zone whereat one or more transducing core gaps are disposed; said head also being disposed centrally atop a relatively flatter spherical symmetrical foil and adapted to be presented in penetrating, dimpling relation with prescribed radial areas of said rotating disk so as to invoke serial stages of Bournoulli air-films between the foils and the passing disk segments, these stages including a "transducing film" above said head and an "entry-zone film" upstream of this "transducing film".
 10. The combination as recited in claim 9, wherein said head also includes a pair of relatively identical air-relieving channels cut into the head-foil sufficient to establish a prescribed relief and suction in said intermediate zone, said channels being disposed flanking said recording zone and being aligned parallel to in the contemplated direction of disk passage, being dimensioned to reduce head spacing to a prescribed amount.
 11. A relatively rigid "two-foil" transducer array adapted for operation with passing flexible media, this array being arranged to include read/write means mounted in a head-foil and adapted to induce the media to pass above said read/write means at relatively miniscule head spacing without instabilities or need to move the array toward or away from the media there, the array further including:a relatively flat stabilizer-foil carrying said head-foil and adapted to smooth-out media stability upstream of said head-foil and to reduce head spacing.
 12. The combination as recited in claim 11, wherein slots are cut in said head-foil so as to radically reduce head spacing only adjacent said read/write means. 